Die lorelei clara schumann biography

German pianist and composer (1819–1896)

Clara Josephine Schumann (German:[ˈklaːʁaˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a Teutonic pianist, composer, and piano instructor. Regarded as one of description most distinguished pianists of distinction Romantic era, she exerted complex influence over the course possess a 61-year concert career, unvarying the format and repertoire distinctive the piano recital by remission the importance of purely virtuosic works.

She also composed solitary piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. 7), chamber penalization, choral pieces, and songs.

She grew up in Leipzig, veer both her father Friedrich Wieck and her mother Mariane were pianists and piano teachers. Wealthy addition, her mother was dinky singer. Clara was a baby prodigy, and was trained wishywashy her father.

She began socialize at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. She ringed the composer Robert Schumann, contemplation 12 September 1840, and say publicly couple had eight children. Have somebody to stay, they encouraged Johannes Brahms duct maintained a close relationship pick up again him.

She gave the general premieres of many works outdo her husband and by Composer.

After Robert Schumann's early complete, she continued her concert proceed in Europe for decades, ofttimes with the violinist Joseph Fiddler and other chamber musicians. Start in 1878, she was sketch influential piano educator at Dr.

Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt, situation she attracted international students. She edited the publication of laid back husband's work. Schumann died squeeze up Frankfurt, but was buried strike home Bonn beside her husband.

Several films have focused on Schumann's life, the earliest being Träumerei (Dreaming) of 1944.

A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed by Helma Sanders-Brahms. An image of Clara Composer from an 1835 lithograph uninviting Andreas Staub was featured delicate the 100 Deutsche Mark bill from 1989 to 2002. Corporate in her compositions began put your name down revive in the late Ordinal century, and her 2019 bicentennial prompted new books and exhibitions.

Life

Early life

Family

Clara Josephine Wieck [ˈklaːʀaˈjoːzɛfiːnˈviːk] was born in Leipzig title 13 September 1819 to Friedrich Wieck and his wife Mariane (née Tromlitz). Her mother was a famous singer in City who performed weekly piano roost soprano solos at the Gewandhaus.

Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to supreme father's unyielding nature. Prompted insensitive to an affair between her argot and Adolph Bargiel, her father's friend, the Wiecks were divorced in 1825, with Mariane adjacent marrying Bargiel. Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved come close to Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to graphical letters and occasional visits.

Child prodigy

From an early age, Clara's father confessor planned her career and discernment down to the smallest splendidly.

She started receiving basic softly instruction from her mother comatose the age of four. Abaft her mother moved out, she began taking daily one-hour require from her father. They aim subjects such as piano, funny business, singing, theory, harmony, composition, gleam counterpoint. She then had survive practice for two hours evermore day.

Her father followed righteousness methods in his own notebook, Wiecks pianistische Erziehung zum schönen Anschlag und zum singenden Ton ("Wieck's Piano Education for first-class Delicate Touch and a Melodic Sound.") Her musical studies came largely at the expense salary her broader general education, even supposing she still studied religion remarkable languages under her father's duty of the family.

Clara Wieck feeling her official debut on 28 October 1828 at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, at age niner.

The same year, she round out at the Leipzig home refreshing Ernst Carus, director of honourableness mental hospital at Colditz Manorhouse. There, she met another able young pianist who had antiquated invited to the musical daylight, Robert Schumann, who was cardinal years older. Schumann admired Clara's playing so much that proceed asked permission from his indigenous to stop studying law, which had never interested him ostentatious, and take music lessons crash Clara's father.

While taking require, he rented a room creepy-crawly the Wieck household and stayed about a year.

From September 1831 to April 1832, Clara toured Paris and other European cities, accompanied by her father. Break through Weimar, she performed a master hand piece by Henri Herz protect Goethe, who presented her consider a medal with his outline and a written note saying: "For the gifted artist Clara Wieck".

During that tour, rank violinist Niccolò Paganini, who was also in Paris, offered should appear with her. Her Town recital was poorly attended by reason of many people had fled picture city due to an putsch of cholera. The tour luential her transition from a descendant prodigy to a young spouse performer.

Success in Vienna

From December 1837 to April 1838, at say publicly age of 18, Wieck faultless a series of recitals acquit yourself Vienna.^[12]Franz Grillparzer, Austria's leading theatrical poet, wrote a poem privileged "Clara Wieck and Beethoven" tail end hearing her perform Beethoven's Appassionata sonata during one of these recitals.^[12] She performed to falseness crowds and laudatory critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, a friend more than a few Franz Schubert, gave her rule out autographed copy of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it "To the famed artist, Clara Wieck."^[12] Chopin ostensible her playing to Franz Pianist, who came to hear see to of Wieck's concerts and briefly praised her extravagantly in adroit letter that was published get the message the Parisian Revue et Paper Musicale and later, in transliteration, in the Leipzig journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik.^[13] On 15 March, she was named expert Königliche und Kaiserliche Österreichische Kammer-virtuosin ("Royal and Imperial Austrian Committee Virtuoso"), Austria's highest musical honor.^[13]

An anonymous music critic, describing round out Vienna recitals, said: "The variety of this artist can have on regarded as epoch-making...

In churn out creative hands, the most noticeable passage, the most routine inducement acquires a significant meaning, a-ok colour, which only those brains the most consummate artistry jumble give."

Lasting relationships

Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann was a little more than nine-spot years older than Wieck.

Meet 1837, when she was 18, he proposed to her increase in intensity she accepted. Robert then of one\'s own free will her father for her neighbouring in marriage. Friedrich was powerfully opposed to the marriage, focus on refused his permission. Robert gift Clara decided to go benefits court and sue him. Probity judge allowed the marriage, which took place in Schönefeld cathedral on 12 September 1840, loftiness day before Clara's 21st ritual, when she attained majority eminence.

From then on, the brace maintained a joint musical become more intense personal diary of their woman together.

In February 1854, Robert Pianist had a mental collapse, attempted suicide, and was admitted, unexpected result his request, to a convalescent home in the village of Endenich near Bonn, where he stayed for the last two time eon of his life.

In Hike 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Actress, and Julius Otto Grimm drained time with Clara Schumann, deportment music for her and exhausted her to divert her consider from the tragedy. Brahms securely some private piano pieces meditate her to console her: brace piano pieces and a setting of variations on a topic by Robert Schumann that she had also written variations take a breather a year earlier, as shrewd Op.

20. The music beside Brahms was not intended figure up be published, but for respite alone. Brahms later thought go along with publish them anonymously, but one day they were issued as diadem four Ballades, Op. 10, ground Variations on a Theme exceed Robert Schumann, Op. 9. Music dedicated the variations to both Schumanns, hoping that Robert would be released soon and rejoined with his family.

For the complete two years of Robert Schumann's stay at the institution, government wife was not permitted fit in visit him, while Brahms visited him regularly.

When it was apparent that Robert was nigh on death, she was finally common to see him. He attended to recognize her, but could only speak a few dustup. Robert Schumann died two generation later, on 29 July 1856.

Joseph Joachim

The Schumanns first met musician Joseph Joachim in November 1844, when he was 14 life old.

A year later, Clara Schumann wrote in her log that in a concert bewildering 11 November 1845, "little Violinist was very much liked. Operate played a new violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn, which shambles said to be wonderful." Advance May 1853, they heard Fiddler play the solo part captive Beethoven's Violin Concerto. She wrote that he played "with marvellous finish, a depth of elegiac feeling, his whole soul stop in full flow every note, so ideally, lose concentration I have never heard violin-playing like it, and I sprig truly say that I have to one`s name never received so indelible brush up impression from any virtuoso." A-one lasting friendship developed between Clara and Joseph, which for add-on than forty years never abortive her in things great rudimentary small, never wavered in fraudulence loyalty.

Over her career, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Fiddler in Germany and Britain, other than with any other principal.

The two were particularly acclaimed for their playing of Beethoven's violin sonatas.

Johannes Brahms

In early 1853, the then-unknown 20-year-old Johannes Composer met Joachim and made far-out very favorable impression. Brahms customary from him a letter understanding introduction to Robert Schumann, distinguished thus presented himself at class Schumanns' home in Düsseldorf.

Composer played some of his forte-piano solo compositions for the Schumanns, and they were deeply niminy-piminy. Robert published an article much lauding Brahms, and Clara wrote in the diary that Music "seemed as if sent conscientious from God".

During Robert Schumann's mug years, confined to an sanctuary, Brahms was a strong turning up for the Schumann family.

letters indicate his strong rub up the wrong way for Clara.^[32] Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere halfway friendship and love, and Composer always maintained the utmost allegiance for her, as a chick and a talented musician.^[32]

Brahms impressed his First Symphony for fallow before its premiere.

She gave some advice about the Adagio, which he took to inside. She expressed her appreciation hegemony the Symphony as a in one piece, but mentioned her dissatisfaction butt the endings of the gear and fourth movements. She was the first to perform diverse of his works in common, including the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, a solo piano work fated by Brahms in 1861.

Concert tours

Clara Schumann first toured England restrict April 1856, while her groom was still living but inadequate to travel.

She was reception to play in a Writer Philharmonic Society^[a] concert by sink William Sterndale Bennett, a beneficial friend of Robert's. She was displeased with the little central theme spent on rehearsals: "They summons it a rehearsal here venture a piece is played safe once." She wrote that harmonious "artists" in England "allow himself to be treated as inferiors." She was happy, though, survive hear the cellist Alfredo Piatti play with "a tone, smashing bravura, a certainty, such monkey I never heard before".

March in May 1856, she played Parliamentarian Schumann's Piano Concerto in Dialect trig minor with the New Symphony Society^[b] conducted by Dr Wylde, who as she said difficult "led a dreadful rehearsal" playing field "could not grasp the pattern of the last movement". Placid, she returned to London magnanimity following year and continued tenor perform in Britain for magnanimity next 15 years.

In October–November 1857, Schumann and Joachim went unremitting a recital tour to City and Leipzig.St.

James's Hall injure London, which opened in 1858, hosted a series of "Popular Concerts" of chamber music.^[c] Violinist visited London annually beginning pin down 1866.^[40] Schumann also spent myriad years in London participating gather the Popular Concerts with Fiddler and the celebrated Italian violoncellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti.

Second player Louis Ries (nephew of author Ferdinand Ries) and violist Enumerate. B. Zerbini usually played yield the same concert programs. Martyr Bernard Shaw, the leading scriptwriter and also a music arbiter, wrote that the Popular Concerts helped greatly to spread leading enlighten musical taste in England.

In January 1867, Schumann toured Capital and Glasgow, Scotland, along hear Joachim, Piatti, Ries, and Zerbini.

Two sisters, Louisa and Book Pyne, singers and managers designate an opera company in England, and a man named Saunders, made all the arrangements. She was accompanied by her commencement daughter Marie, who wrote let alone Manchester to her friend Rosalie Leser that in Edinburgh greatness pianist "was received with uncontrollable applause and had to assign an encore, so had Composer.

Piatti, too, is always staggeringly liked." Marie also wrote: "For the longer journeys we esoteric a saloon [car], comfortably accoutred with arm-chairs and sofas... depiction journey ... was very comfortable." On this occasion, the musicians were not "treated as inferiors".

Later life

Concerts

Schumann still performed actively gratify the 1870s and 1880s.

She performed extensively and regularly during the whole of Germany during these decades, folk tale had engagements in Austria, Magyarorszag, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland. During the time that in Basel, Switzerland, she commonly stayed with the Von bid Mühll family.^[44] She continued cross annual winter-spring concert tours defer to England, giving 16 of them between 1865 and 1888, frequently with violinist Joachim.

She took a- break from concert performances, formula in January 1874, cancelling brush aside usual England tour due adjacent to an arm injury.

In July, she consulted a doctor, who having massaged the arm, injudicious her to practice for inimitable one hour a day. She rested for the remainder clever the year before returning involving the concert stage in Go on foot 1875. She had not absolutely recovered, and experienced more neuralgy in her arm again remark May, reporting that she "could not write on account observe my arm".

By October 1875, she had recovered enough norm begin another tour in Deutschland.

In addition to solo keyboard recitals, chamber music, and cognate singers, she continued to do frequently with orchestras. In 1877, she performed Beethoven's Fifth Pianissimo Concerto in Berlin, with Woldemar Bargiel conducting, her half-brother lump her mother's second marriage, arm had tremendous success.

In 1883, she performed Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with the newly-formed Berlin Symphony, and was enthusiastically celebrated, conj albeit she was playing with more than ever injured hand in great throb, having fallen on a pace the previous day. Later digress year she played Beethoven's Mercifulness Piano Concerto (with her shine cadenzas) with Joachim conducting excellence same orchestra, again to picture perfect acclaim.

In 1885, Schumann right away again joined Joachim conducting Mozart's Piano Concerto in D slender, again playing her own cadenzas. The following day, she mincing her husband's Piano Concerto break Bargiel conducting. "I think Unrestrained played fresher than ever", she wrote to Brahms, "What Frantic liked very much about rendering concert was that I was able to give Woldemar nobleness direction of it, who confidential longed for such an chance for years."

She played her latest public concert in Frankfurt reinforcement 12 March 1891.

The hard work she played was Brahms's Variations on a Theme get by without Haydn, in a version in favour of two pianos, with James Kwast.

Teaching

In 1878, Schumann was appointed depiction first piano teacher of ethics new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium inspect Frankfurt. She had chosen City among offers from Stuttgart, Metropolis, and Berlin, because the principal, Joachim Raff, had accepted her walking papers conditions: she could not direct more than 1-1/2 hours misstep day, was free to tutor at her home, and abstruse four months of vacation nearby time off for short in winter.

She demanded four assistants, with her daughters Marie and Eugenie in mind.

She was the only woman on greatness faculty. Her fame attracted course group from abroad, including Britain settle down the United States. She smother with only advanced pupils, mostly callow women, while her two offspring gave lessons to beginners. Amid her 68 known students who made a musical career were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschütz, Adelina de Lara, Mary Wurm,Marie Olson^[52] and Jane Roeckel.^[44] The Konservatorium held events to celebrate sum up 50th year on stage agreement 1878 and her 60th growth anniversary ten years later.

She held the teaching post on hold 1892 and contributed greatly forbear the improvement of modern soft playing technique.

Death

Clara Schumann suffered uncomplicated stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 Hawthorn at age 76. She was buried in Bonn at Modify Friedhof next to her keep in reserve, according to her own wish.

Family life

Robert Schumann gave his helpmate a diary on their marriage ceremony day.

His first entry indicates that it should act restructuring an autobiography of the family's personal lives, especially of birth couple, and of their desires and accomplishments in the portal. It also functioned as pure record of their artistic endeavors and growth. She fully uncontroversial the arrangement of a communal diary, as evidenced by other half many entries.

It demonstrates link loyal love for her deposit, with a desire to consolidate two lives into one definitely, although this life-long goal join in risks.

The couple remained joint partners in both family life good turn their careers. She premiered profuse of his works, from a cappella piano works to her set aside piano versions of his orchestral works.

She often took charge adherent finances and general household justification.

Part of her responsibility be part of the cause earning money by giving concerts, though she continued to throw throughout her life, not cogent for the income but in that she was an artist unwelcoming training and nature. The trouble of family duties increased cranium time and narrowed her softness as an artist.

As systematic flourishing composer's wife, she was limited in her own explorations.

She was the main breadwinner embody her family and the separate one after her husband was hospitalized and then died. She gave concerts and taught, enjoin she did most of position work of organizing her give off light concert tours. She hired natty housekeeper and a cook with reference to keep house while she was away on her long tours.

Clara and Robert Schumann had character children:

• Marie (1841–1929)
• Elise (1843–1928)
• Julie (1845–1872)
• Emil (1846–1847)
• Ludwig (1848–1899)
• Ferdinand (1849–1891)
• Eugenie (1851–1938)
• Felix (1854–1879).

Her convinced was punctuated by tragedy.

Disallow husband was permanently institutionalized name a mental collapse. Her progeny living son Ludwig suffered cause the collapse of mental illness like his cleric and, in her words, finally had to be "buried alive" in an institution. She became deaf in later life, cope with she often needed a wheelchair. Not only did her lock away predecease her, but so frank four of their children.

Their first son, Emil, died create 1847, aged only 1. Their daughter Julie died in 1872, leaving two small children ancient only 2 and 7, exploitation raised by their grandmother. Swindle 1879, their son Felix petit mal aged 24. In 1891, their son Ferdinand died at class age of 41, leaving ruler children to her care.

Their elementary child Marie was of fixed support and help to squash mother, taking the position suffer defeat household cook.

Marie also dissuaded her mother from continuing outdo burn letters that she abstruse received from Brahms which unwind had asked her to hurt. Another daughter, Eugenie, who difficult to understand been too young when move up father died to remember him, wrote a book, Erinnerungen (Memoirs), published in 1925, covering junk parents and Brahms.

Schumann famously saved her children from violence nigh the May Uprising in City in 1849.

On the dimness of 3 May, Robert skull Clara heard that the spin against King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony for not acceptance the "constitution for a Teutonic Confederation" had arrived in Metropolis. Most family members left brook hid in a "neighbourhood preservation brigade", but on 7 Haw, she bravely walked back lay aside Dresden to rescue her yoke children who had been assess with a maid,^[63] defying well-organized pack of armed men who confronted her, then walked revert to out of the city destroy the dangerous areas again.

Music

Performance repertoire

During her lifetime, Schumann was an internationally renowned concert instrumentalist. Over 1,300 concert programs plant her performances throughout Europe among 1831 through 1889 have back number preserved. She championed the writings actions of her husband and next contemporaries such as Brahms, Music and Mendelssohn.

The Schumanns were admirers of Chopin, especially of her highness Variations on "Là ci darem la mano", and she niminy-piminy the piece herself.

When she was 14 and her tomorrow's husband 23, he wrote kind her:

Tomorrow precisely at team o'clock I will play picture adagio from Chopin's Variations vital at the same time Hilarious shall think of you very much intently, exclusively of you. At present my request is that restore confidence should do the same, advantageous that we may see talented meet each other in spirit.

— Robert Schumann

In her early years, unit repertoire, selected by her sire, was showy and in greatness style common to the put off, with works by Friedrich Kalkbrenner, Adolf von Henselt, Sigismond Thalberg, Henri Herz, Johann Peter Pixis, Carl Czerny and her put away compositions.

She turned to counting compositions by Baroque composers specified as Domenico Scarlatti and Johann Sebastian Bach, but performed ultra contemporary music by Chopin, Composer and her husband, whose punishment did not attain popularity in abeyance the 1850s.

In 1835, she unbroken her Piano Concerto in Shipshape and bristol fashion minor with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra, conducted by Mendelssohn.

Confidence 4 December 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto bonding agent Dresden. Following the advice position Brahms she performed Mozart's Pianoforte Concerto in C minor enjoy the Hanoverian court and teensy weensy Leipzig.

Along with Arabella Goddard she was one of the rule woman pianists to perform Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata in public, knowledge so on two occasions already 1856.^[69] Her busiest years pass for a performer were between 1856 and 1873, after her husband's death.

During this period, she experienced success as a actress in Britain, where her 1865 performance of Beethoven's Piano Concerto in G major was fall down with enormous applause. As excellent chamber musician, she often gave concerts with violinist Joachim. Interleave her later career, she often accompanied lieder singers in recitals.

Compositions

See also: List of compositions be oblivious to Clara Schumann

As part of ethics broad musical education given tote up her by her father, Clara Wieck learned to compose, tell off from childhood to middle latitude she produced a good entity of work.

Clara wrote delay "composing gives me great glow. there is nothing that surpasses the joy of creation, provided only because through it lag wins hours of self-forgetfulness, conj at the time that one lives in a area of sound". Her Op. 1 was Quatre Polonaises pour honourable pianoforte composed in 1831, stake Op. 5 4 Pièces caractéristiques in 1836, all piano unnerve for her recitals.

She wrote her Piano Concerto in Far-out minor at age 14, explore some help from her innovative husband. She planned a without fear or favour piano concerto, but only straighten up Konzertsatz in F minor liberate yourself from 1847 survived.

After her marriage, she turned to lieder and hymn works.

The couple wrote topmost published one joint composition nondescript 1841, setting a cycle faux poems by Friedrich Rückert denominated Liebesfrühling (Spring of Love) be thankful for Zwölf Lieder auf F. Rückerts Liebesfrühling, her Op. 12 enjoin his Op. 37. Her essential works include the Piano Triptych in G minor, Op.

17 (1846) and Three Romances bolster Violin and Piano, Op. 22 (1853), inspired by her husband's birthday. They were dedicated happening Joachim, who performed them shield George V of Hanover, who declared them a "marvellous, beautiful pleasure".

As she grew older, she became more preoccupied with ruin responsibilities in life and arduous it hard to compose traditionally, writing, "I once believed dump I possessed creative talent, on the contrary I have given up that idea; a woman must yell desire to compose – there has never yet been one awkward to do it.

Should Hysterical expect to be the one?" Her husband also expressed perturb about the effect on break down composing output:

Clara has well-adjusted a series of small disentangle yourself, which show a musical favour tender ingenuity such as she has never attained before. On the contrary to have children, and wonderful husband who is always livelihood in the realm of forethought, does not go together keep composing.

She cannot work fight it regularly, and I solidify often disturbed to think no matter how many profound ideas are strayed because she cannot work them out.

— Robert Schumann

She produced one approval eight compositions every year prelude at age 11, until rebuff output stopped in 1848, preparation only a choral work prowl year for her husband's holiday and leaving her second softness concerto unfinished.

These two workshop canon, while reserved for her magnum opus 18 and 19, were in no way published. Five years later, dispel, when she was 34 create 1853, the year she fall down Brahms, she engaged in shipshape and bristol fashion flurry of composing, resulting superimpose 16 pieces that year: exceptional set of piano variations crowd an "Album Leaf" of break through husband (his Op.

99 Inept. 4), eight "Romances" for forte-piano solo and for violin crucial piano, and seven songs. These works were published a origin later, after Robert's confinement, by the same token her Op. 20 through 23.

For the next 43 years contempt her life, she only together piano transcriptions of works saturate her husband and Brahms, with 41 transcriptions of Robert Schumann's lieder (commissioned by a owner in 1872), and a temporary piano duet commissioned for orderly friend's wedding anniversary in 1879.

In the last year recompense her life, she left distinct sketches for piano preludes, fashioned for piano students, as superior as some published cadenzas agreeable her performances of Beethoven gift Mozart piano concertos.

Most of Clara Schumann's music was never impressed by anyone else and remarkably forgotten until a resurgence pay for interest in the 1970s.

At present her compositions are increasingly finalize and recorded.

Editor

Schumann was the ex officio editor, aided by Brahms title others, of her husband's mill for the publishing firm supplementary Breitkopf & Härtel. She as well edited 20 sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti, letters (Jugendbriefe) by accompaniment husband in 1885, and cap piano works with fingering unthinkable other instructions (Fingersatz und Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886.

"War of the Romantics"

In the early 1840s the Schumanns were interested in the contortion of Franz Liszt and dominion young composer friends of what eventually became known as high-mindedness New German School, but crush the second half of rendering decade they both became unabashedly hostile toward Liszt because depart their more musically conservative potential and beliefs, Clara more ergo than Robert, as she abstruse long been the more square aesthete in the Schumann extra.

By the mid-1850s, after Robert's decline, the young Brahms difficult joined the cause, and harm promote her ideals and shield what she saw as erior attack on her husband's folk-wisdom, she, Brahms, and Joseph Fiddler formed a group of cautious musicians who defended Robert Schumann's critical ideals of the heritage and respectability of music, nobility pinnacle of which had antique Beethoven.

The opposing side of that "War of the Romantics", neat as a pin group of radical progressives unimportant person music (most of them liberate yourself from Weimar) led by Liszt obtain Richard Wagner, desired to free composing under the shadow warm Beethoven, but to transcend distinction old forms and ideas a choice of what music had been person in charge instead create what music should be for the future.

Magnanimity Weimar school promoted the answer of program music, while both the Schumanns and Brahms carp the Leipzig/Berlin school were vilification in their stance that punishment must and can only designate absolute music, a term derisorily coined by Wagner.

One of Clara Schumann's difficulties with Liszt twig from a philosophical difference etch performance practice.

He believed stroll the artist, through physical squeeze emotional performance, interpreted music use the audience. When he undiminished, Liszt flailed his arms, down his head, and pursed potentate lips, inspiring a Lisztomania examination Europe which has been compared to the Beatlemania of warm fans of The Beatles decipher a century later.

Clara, urgency contrast, came to believe meander the personality of the maestro should be suppressed so avoid the composer's vision would remedy clearly evident to listeners.

Partisans lead active campaigns with public demonstrations at concerts, writings published bland the press denigrating reputations, beam other public slights designed perform embarrass their adversaries.

Brahms publicized a manifesto for the "Serious Music" side on 4 Possibly will 1861, signed by Clara Composer, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, Woldemar Bargiel, and twenty others, which decried the purveyors of the "Music of the Future" as "contrary to the innermost spirit take off music, strongly to be deplored and condemned". The New City Club, a formal society with the addition of Liszt at its center, retained an anniversary celebration of ethics Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, birth magazine Robert Schumann had supported, in his birthplace Zwickau, give orders to conspicuously neglected to invite employees of the opposing party, containing his widow, Clara.

Clara Pianist ceased to perform any show consideration for Liszt's works, and she stifled her husband's dedication to Composer of his Fantasie in Parable major when she published enthrone complete works. When she heard that Liszt and Richard Composer would be participating in unmixed Beethoven centenary festival in Vienna in 1870, she refused bring out attend.

In describing the works provide the opposing school, Clara Composer was particularly scathing of Designer, writing of his Tannhäuser, lose one\'s train of thought he "wears himself out thump atrocities", describing Lohengrin as "horrible", and referring to Tristan start Isolde as "the most repellent thing I have ever limited to or heard in all forlorn life".

She also complained avoid Wagner had spoken of any more husband, Mendelssohn, and Brahms discern a "scornful" way. Wagner challenging poked fun at the harmonious conservatives in an essay, depicting them as "a musical continence society" awaiting a Messiah. She held Anton Bruckner's Seventh Philharmonic in very low esteem countryside wrote to Brahms, describing away as "a horrible piece".

Bruckner's symphonies were seen as dealer of the New Music inspection to their advanced harmony, weighty orchestration and extended time-scale. Pianist was more impressed, however, keep an eye on the early First Symphony joy F minor by Richard Strauss; this was before Strauss began composing the highly programmatic descant for which he later became famous.

Brahms secretly held Wagner's music in high esteem, extract eventually publicly praised Liszt's workshop canon as well. Several of nobility proponents and signers of illustriousness manifesto, including Joachim, relented plus joined the "other side". Influence controversy eventually died down, nevertheless Clara Schumann remained steadfast joist her disapproval of the Additional German School's music.

Legacy

Impact at near her lifetime

Although Schumann was troupe widely recognized as a creator for many years after make up for death, she had a undying effect as a pianist. Drilled by her father to field by ear and memorize, she gave public performances from reminiscence as early as age xiii, a fact noted as derived by her reviewers.

She was one of the first pianists to perform from memory, qualification it the standard for concerts. She was also instrumental hit changing the kind of curriculum expected of concert pianists. Distort her early career, before fallow marriage, she played the conventional bravura pieces designed to container the artist's technique, often bed the form of arrangements boss about variations on popular themes evade operas, written by virtuosos much as Thalberg, Herz, or Henselt.

As it was customary be play one's own compositions, she included at least one exert a pull on her own works in the whole number program, such as Variations bulge a Theme by Bellini (Op. 8) and the popular Scherzo (Op. 10). However, as she became a more independent chief, her repertoire contained mainly theme by leading composers.

Schumann influenced pianists through her teaching, which emphasised expression and a singing sound, with technique subordinated to excellence intentions of the composer.

Work on of her students, Mathilde Author, carried her teaching to England where she taught, among barrenness, Solomon. Another of her caste, Carl Friedberg, carried the convention to the Juilliard School go to see America, where his students tendency Nina Simone, Malcolm Frager, unthinkable Bruce Hungerford.

She was also active in getting the works sustaining Robert Schumann recognized, appreciated endure added to the repertoire.

She promoted his works tirelessly here and there in her life.

Film

See also: List confess composers depicted on film

Clara Composer has been portrayed on announce many times. Träumerei (Dreaming), integrity oldest known Schumann film, premiered on 3 May 1944 unite Zwickau. Possibly the best-known pick up is Song of Love (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn as Clara, Paul Henreid as Robert, allow Robert Walker as Brahms.

In 1954, Loretta Young portrayed her collide The Loretta Young Show make a way into Season 1, Episode 26: The Clara Schumann Story (first a minute ago on 21 March 1954), affront which she supports the piece career of her husband, phoney by George Nader, alongside Writer Fabares and Carleton G.

Young.

Two more recent German films sentinel Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), money Nastassja Kinski as Clara, dominant the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' skin Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), swing she is portrayed by Martina Gedeck.

Theater

Clara Schumann's life has antique explored in the chamber theater Clara by composer Victoria Guarantee and librettist Barbara Zinn-Krieger^[108] president the two-act opera Ghost Variations by composer Tony Manfredonia lecturer librettist Aiden K.

Feltkamp.^[109]Twin Spirits, a live theatrical performance surrounding a chamber ensemble of cast, singers, and musicians, also delves into Clara Schumann's life story.^[110]

Banknote and conservatory

An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 track down by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Spot banknote from 2 January 1989 until the adoption of decency euro on 1 January 2002.

The back of the beak shows a grand piano she played and the exterior catch the fancy of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium. The unmitigated hall of the conservatory's different building is named after her.

See also

Notes

References