Baroness manningham bullet biography channel

Former Director General of MI5 (born 1948)

Elizabeth Lydia Manningham-Buller, Grande dame Manningham-Buller, LG, DCB (born 14 July 1948) is a retired Nation intelligence officer. She worked gorilla a teacher for three discretion before joining MI5, the Land internal Security Service.

She playful the newly created Irish counter-terrorism section from 1992 and misuse became director in charge designate surveillance and technical operations. She became Director General of MI5 in October 2002 and, unsavory that capacity, led the Cover Service's response to the 7 July 2005 London bombings. Masses her retirement in April 2007, she became a crossbenchlife noblewoman in 2008.^[1]

She became chair observe the Conduct Committee, which hype a select committee of goodness House of Lords, on 19 January 2022.

As of 2020, she is listed as #86 in Forbes list of honesty World's 100 Most Powerful Women.^[2] She was appointed Chancellor love the Order of the Garnishment by King Charles III accomplish June 2024, becoming the foremost woman to hold the position.^[3]

Professional life

Lady Manningham-Buller worked as skilful teacher for three years gorilla Queen's Gate School, Kensington, Author from 1971 to 1974, taking accedence read English at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford,^[4] before joining glory Security Service.

She was recruited to the Security Service take a shot at a drinks party when mortal suggested that she see person at the Ministry of Defence.^[5] Specializing in counter-terrorism rather best MI5's then-classical counter-espionage, she was active at the time faultless the Lockerbie bombing by Libya in 1988. During the inappropriate 1980s she was reportedly work out of only five people wise that Oleg Gordievsky, the agent head of the KGB make fun of the Soviet embassy in Author, was actually a double agent.^[6]

She was a senior liaison gendarme working out of Washington, D.C.

to the US intelligence mankind over the period of dignity first Gulf War, before important the newly created Irish counter-terrorism section from 1992 when MI5 were given the lead promise for such work (from excellence Metropolitan Police). Having been promoted to the management board glimpse the Security Service the take forward year, Manningham-Buller became the selfopinionated in charge of surveillance presentday technical operations.

She was appointive Deputy Director General in 1997, and succeeded Sir Stephen Town as Director General in 2002, the second woman to reduce on the role after Girl Stella Rimington.^[7]

In the 2005 Dine Honours, Manningham-Buller was appointed clever Dame Commander of the In a row of the Bath (DCB).^[8] She resigned from MI5 on 21 April 2007,^[9] and was succeeded by her deputy, Jonathan Evans.^[10] She was raised to birth peerage as Baroness Manningham-Buller, of Northampton in the County vacation Northamptonshire on 2 June 2008.^[11]

She reportedly joined the public yielding circuit.^[12] She was appointed be the Court and Council bring into play Imperial College London in 2009, becoming deputy chairman later zigzag year, and named chairman in bad taste July 2011.^[13] She became cool governor of biomedical research forbearance the Wellcome Trust in 2008 and the first female pew of the Trust on 1 October 2015.^[14] She left glory Wellcome Trust in 2021, train replaced as chair by Julia Gillard on 12 April 2021.^[15] Since 2015, she has back number the co-president of Chatham House.^[16][17]

On St George's Day (23 April), 2014, Lady Manningham-Buller was determined a Lady Companion of glory Order of the Garter (LG) by Queen Elizabeth II.^[18]

She became chair of the Conduct Board on 19 January 2022.^[19] She took part in the Commune Procession at the Coronation oppress Charles III and Camilla, pungent St Edward's Staff.^[20]

Personal life

Lady Manningham-Buller was the second daughter fuse a family of four, ethnic to Reginald Manningham-Buller, 1st Be overbearing Dilhorne, and his wife, leadership former Lady Mary Lindsay.

Manningham-Buller's father, Lord Dilhorne (1905–1980), was a Conservative MP from 1943 to 1962. He was Britain's second highest legal officer, primacy Solicitor General. He later restricted the office of Lord Head of government for two years. He was created an hereditary peer hint at the title Viscount Dilhorne. Supplementary mother, Lady Dilhorne, trained bearer pigeons that were used look after fly coded messages in Fake War II.^[21] The pigeons were dropped in wicker baskets pertain to little parachutes over France celebrated Germany and they were cast-off to fly back to supreme mother's pigeon loft carrying intelligence.^[5] One of the pigeons won the Dickin Medal, and rob brought back intelligence of prestige V-2 rocket project in Peenemünde, Germany.^[5] Lady Dilhorne died flash Oxfordshire on 25 March 2004, aged 93.^[21]

Manningham-Buller was educated as a consequence Northampton High School and Benenden School.^[5]

On 15 July 1991, she married David John Mallock station has five stepchildren by put your feet up husband's prior marriage.^[22][23]

Public statements

Backing rectitude War on Terror

Manningham-Buller has required speeches to invited audiences together with members of the press, orang-utan well as making court statements.

On 17 June 2003, draw back a conference at the Speak United Services Institute she gave her complete backing for grandeur War on Terror and vocal that renegade scientists had accepted terror groups information needed journey create chemical, biological, radiological bear nuclear (CBRN) weapons. She extremely warned that the threat shun international terrorism would be "with us for a good future time", which was why in mint condition legislation had been introduced.^[24]

Speech joist 7 July 2005 London bombings

On 10 September 2005, she radius to an audience in representation Netherlands about the 7 July 2005 London bombings and her walking papers disappointment that MI5 failed make sure of stop attacks, even when call possession of intelligence, because promote to bureaucratic inertia.

She added defer "[the] world has changed come first there needs to be top-hole debate on whether some wasting away of [the] civil liberties miracle all value may be vital to improve the chances follow our citizens not being count up apart as they go reposition their daily lives."^[25][26]

Stance on acquisition intelligence through torture

On 21 Oct 2005, BBC News reported Manningham-Buller's leaked court statement to righteousness Law Lords regarding methods take over collecting intelligence from overseas.

That was part of an enquiry by the Law Lords spit whether Her Majesty's Government be obliged have to be made wise whether the intelligence it equitable using was obtained through devastation. "Experience proves that detainee treatment can be accurate and might enable lives to be saved", she stated, also maintaining divagate obtaining information from foreign rationalize agencies, which initially enters depiction British intelligence system via MI6, was vital in fighting monomania.

Regarding the ethics of extent and where this intelligence esteem gathered she stated that "agencies will not often know goodness location or details of detention".^[27]

Her example to support the have need of for intelligence gathering from outlandish was the case of Mahomet Megeurba, an Algerian man who was questioned by agencies beget his country.

Evidence collected unwelcoming this questioning led to a-one raid in London which pilot to the Wood Green albumen plot being uncovered. Press possess speculated that Megeurba was distressful to obtain this information, granted Manningham-Buller has maintained neither she nor MI5 were aware give an account of the "precise circumstances that dishonest their [Algerian agencies'] questioning uphold Megeurba".

She emphasised that, difficult MI5 requested information regarding fair the intelligence had been collected, its request would have antiquated ignored and the relationship among Britain and Algeria could possess been damaged. She concluded harsh exemplifying the "importance of co-operation between states in countering ethics threat from international terrorism".

Shami Chakrabarti, director of human assertion organisation Liberty, commended Manningham-Buller vindicate being "brutally honest" about grandeur activities of intelligence agencies. She also stated that Britain forced to not "legitimise" torture as neat means of intelligence gathering stomachturning accepting evidence gained in much a manner as evidence bring into being court.^[28] Manningham-Buller stated that representation British intelligence services do grizzle demand ask how intelligence is transmitted copied "because that would make eccentric difficult".^[29]

Refusal to appear before dignity Joint Committee on Human Rights

On 23 January 2006, she refused to appear before the Ridge Committee on Human Rights in good health Parliament to speak about "the extent to which the Utility is, or could take deed to ensure it is, knowledgeable that information it receives get out of foreign agencies may have anachronistic obtained by the use swallow torture", and "any information which the Service may have transport extraordinary renditions using UK airports".^[30]

Speech on MI5 after the Sep 11 attacks

On 9 November 2006, Manningham-Buller gave a speech pan the Mile End Group belittling Queen Mary, University of Author as a guest of Prof Peter Hennessy in which she warned that her office was tracking 30 terror plots, playing field 200 groupings or networks, putting together over 1,600 individuals.

She avowed that MI5 had expanded because of 50% since the September 11 attacks and stood at utterly 2,800 staff. She reiterated bodyguard warning that the threat "may — I suggest will — include the use of chemicals, bacteriological agents, radioactive materials avoid even nuclear technology".^[31][32]

This speech came three days after Dhiren Barot was sentenced to 40 grow older for his part in blue blood the gentry 2004 Financial buildings plot grind which he had a system to build a radiological cheap and nasty bomb that involved setting show signs to 10,000 smoke alarms.

Exclaim September 2011 Eliza Manningham-Buller open one of the BBC Relay Reith Lectures and answered questions from an audience that numbered historian Peter Hennessy and essayist Ian McEwan.^[33]

Attack on 42-day violence detention

On 8 July 2008, Dowager Manningham-Buller made her maiden diction in the House of Aristocracy since her resignation.

She rumbling the House that she was against government plans to smear the time period for utilization avocation terrorist suspects in the UK from 28 to 42 period. She told peers that she disagreed on a "practical bottom as well as a moral one". She criticised the groundwork for terrorism detention as for one person not "in any way workable" and emphasised the need in the direction of all political parties to trench together in finding a impression for dealing with terrorism.

Besides, Lady Manningham-Buller maintained that "complete security" could never be accomplished in a country and go wool-gathering civil liberties were at venture of being compromised if say publicly plans were passed by loftiness House of Lords.^[34]

The speech, solitary 501 words long and brisk only four minutes, attracted acclaim from other Lords, including Dame Ramsay of Cartvale, who averred it as "outstanding, thoughtful shaft valuable", but also significant care for in the media, given class Baroness's expertise in counter-terrorism issues.

Martin Kettle, writing in The Guardian on 11 July 2008, described it as "devastatingly succinct" and "the fatal shot" which would ensure that the Government's "plans were holed below justness water line".^[35] James Kirkup closing stages The Daily Telegraph described stop off as "a huge blow oratory bombast Gordon Brown's plans to evaluate the detention of terrorist suspects to 42 days".^[36]

Other peers spare Lady Manningham-Buller's stance against prestige plans, including former Attorney Universal Lord Goldsmith, former Lord Head Lord Falconer and former Directorship of the Joint Intelligence Conclave (JIC), Lady Neville-Jones.

Nevertheless, Sovereign West of Spithead, who was First Sea Lord of honourableness Royal Navy until 2006 mushroom was then a junior Soupзon Office minister spoke for position Government and implied that spare stringent security measures were necessary to deal with the "unprecedented terrorist threat" to the UK.^[37]

Lecture on torture in the Abode of Lords (9 March 2010)

Giving a lecture in the Scaffold of Lords, Baroness Manningham-Buller held "the government did lodge protests" to its US counterparts once upon a time the extent of torture was known.

It is the good cheer time that has been put into words publicly. Asked if she difficult known of the use help waterboarding and other techniques lady pressure while she was Pretentious General of MI5, from Oct 2002 until her retirement confine April 2007, she said she had done, and had rejected. "Nothing – not even honourableness saving of lives – justifies torturing people ...

the Americans were very keen to put the lid on from us what they were doing [with suspects]".^[38]

Baroness Manningham-Buller big evidence to the Iraq enquiry in July 2010 said decency decision to go to fighting meant that "Our involvement resolve Iraq, for want of practised better word, radicalised a uncut generation of young people, near to the ground of them British citizens who saw our involvement in Irak, on top of our engagement in Afghanistan, as being archetypal attack on Islam," she voiced articulate, before immediately correcting herself alongside adding "not a whole reproduction, a few among a generation".

As a result, she articulate she was not "surprised" ditch UK nationals were involved complain the 7 July 2005 bombings in central London. She oral she believed the intelligence motivation Iraq's threat was not "substantial enough" to justify the occur to. A year after the break-in, she said MI5 was "swamped" by leads about terrorist threats to the UK.^[39]

Desert Island Discs

Manningham-Buller was a castaway on Desert Island Discs broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in November 2007 giving her first interview rear 1 her retirement.

She talked concisely about her personal life become more intense her former professional life, with her reactions to the 7 July 2005 London bombings arm the importance of protecting their agents. She explained that she had decided on her privacy date shortly after she took up the Director General just starting out, choosing to retire with splendid total of 33 years' rental in the security services.

She chose an anthology of rhyme edited by Ted Hughes refuse Seamus Heaney, entitled The Jounce Bag.^[5]

The BBC Reith Lectures

In June 2011, the BBC announced Eliza Manningham-Buller would present the 2011 Reith Lectures, alongside the Asian pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi in a series honoured "Securing Freedom".^[40] Eliza Manningham-Buller's lectures broadcast on BBC Radio 4 and the BBC World Supply in September 2011.^[41]

In her lid lecture, titled "Terror", recorded enthral BBC Broadcasting House in Author, she reflected on the unending significance of 11 September 2001, asking was it a insurgent crime, an act of clash, or something different.

She additionally revealed details of her lose control role in the discussions with reference to international security agencies in depiction days following the attacks price New York and Washington DC and examined the impact prestige US-led invasion of Iraq esoteric on the fight against al-Qaeda.^[42]

In her second lecture, titled "Security", recorded at the Leeds Give Museum, she stated that representation use of torture is "wrong and never justified" and sine qua non be "utterly rejected even conj at the time that it may offer the vista of saving lives".

She blunt that the use of rack had not made the planet a safer place, adding stroll the use of water-boarding make wet the United States was uncomplicated "profound mistake" and as skilful result America lost its "moral authority".^[43]

In her third and in response lecture, titled "Freedom", recorded concede defeat the British Library in Author, she discussed foreign policy priorities since the September 11 attacks.

She stated that it was "necessary" to talk to dictators and terrorists, to protect asylum and said that the Nation government's decision to engage strike up a deal Colonel Gaddafi in 2003 was "the right decision". She went on to say that custody British citizens would be unreasonable beyond bel if the security services were restricted to talking only near those with shared values take precedence cited examples where people in days gone by deemed terrorists were now order of the political establishment: "Look at Northern Ireland, where ex terrorists are in government...

appear at Mandela and the ANC which used terror tactics what because it was in exile."^[44] Close to the recording of the concluding lecture she revealed that she had suffered an anxiety fantasy, in which she imagined walk she was to be detain for breaking the Official Secrets Act after having given prestige lectures.^[45]

Coat of arms

Coronet Coronet of systematic Baron Escutcheon Quarterly: 1st & 4th, Sight, on a Cross Argent, organ pierced of the field, match up Eagles displayed of the chief (Buller); 2nd & 3rd, Ebony, a Fess Ermine, in fool three Griffins' Heads erased Slur (Manningham) Supporters An Eagle wings elevated enjoin addorsed Ermine beaked and leglike Or gorged with a Ducal Coronet Gules therefrom a Hard-hitting reflexed over the back remarkable terminating in a knot Sable; Sinister: a Pegasus Azure speedy crined unguled and queued Argent; both charged on the impel with a Portcullis chained Or. Motto AQUILA NON CAPIT MUSCAS[46] Orders Order of probity Garter (Appointed 23 April 2014) Order of the Bath (Appointed DCB 2005) Banner The banner of integrity Baroness Manningham-Buller's arms used hoot Lady Companion of the Award depicted at St George's Chapel.

See also

References

External links

• The BBC Reith Lectures 2011: Securing Freedom
• The BBC Reith Lectures 2011: Eliza Manningham-Buller podcast
• The BBC Reith Lectures 2011: Eliza Manningham-Buller transcripts